Our lab is interested in the molecular and endocrine regulation of mammary gland growth and function as it relates to processes ranging from normal development and lactation to abnormal states such as breast cancer. We are particularly interested in the function of the pituitary and ovarian hormones in these processes and how they interactively regulate both mammary epithelial and stromal cells. We use a variety of approaches from cell systems to whole animal models to study these processes and to resolve the mechanisms underlying across-species differences.
Mammary epithelial cells undergo proliferation, morphogenesis and differentiation during ductal elongation, branching, alveolar development, lactogenesis, galactopoiesis, and involution (post-lactation). We investigate how different hormones direct these changes – both at the tissue level and the genetic level. In particular, we are investigating how hormones from the pituitary (prolactin and growth hormone) work in concert with those from the ovaries (estrogen and progesterone). We use a variety of models ranging from tissue culture and rodents to livestock species.
The mammary gland develops in a supporting tissue known as its stroma. While this tissue is primarily adipose (fat), its nature varies between species and it is somewhat more complex than might first appear. This environment fulfils many important roles – physical support, growth regulatory cues, a supporting vasculature and lymphatic system, and conversion of hormone signals into local cues. Our work has centered around how the adipose-derived lipid environment affects the adjacent epithelial cells and how this can be modified by changing the lipid composition through diet.
Our laboratory also has an ongoing interest in how milk – which is a fascinating, complex mixture of a range of molecules from fats and proteins, to water and carbohydrates – can be modified as it is being made. By understanding these processes, opportunities exist to tailor foods as well as to refine the resources needed to produce milk from dairy animals. Think cows making chocolate or strawberry milk!